What is one of the effects of proper soil compaction?

Proper soil compaction significantly improves the load-bearing characteristics of the soil. When soil is compacted effectively, it reduces the pore spaces between the soil particles, which tightens the structure and leads to an increase in density. This higher density allows the soil to support greater loads without experiencing excessive settlement or deformation.

Enhanced load-bearing characteristics are critical, especially in construction projects where the stability of foundations and structures relies on the strength and stability of the underlying soil. This increase in load-bearing capacity also means that the structures built on this properly compacted soil are less likely to experience issues related to settling or shifting over time, which can lead to structural failure.

In contrast, options that mention increased air voids or increased water retention do not reflect the intended outcomes of effective soil compaction. Compaction typically reduces air voids and does not inherently increase water retention. Additionally, decreased structural stability directly contradicts the aims of proper compaction, which is to improve stability and support for infrastructure.