In structural engineering, which element primarily carries and supports loads by resisting bending?

In structural engineering, the element that primarily carries and supports loads by resisting bending is the beam. Beams are designed to carry transverse loads, which are forces applied perpendicular to their length. When a beam is subjected to load, it bends, and its material must resist this bending moment to maintain structural integrity and prevent failure.

The behavior of beams under load involves the distribution of stress and strain throughout the material. Beams are essential components in buildings and bridges, as they help to transfer loads from the structure to supporting elements like columns or walls. Their design considers factors like material properties, geometry, and loading conditions to ensure they can effectively manage the anticipated forces without excessive deflection or cracking.

In contrast, other structural elements serve different functions: slabs are typically horizontal surfaces that distribute loads over a broader area; columns bear vertical loads and primarily resist axial forces, not bending; and trusses are composed of interconnected members and primarily transfer loads through axial tension and compression rather than bending. Thus, beams are specifically engineered for resisting bending moments, making them the correct choice for this question.